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[Sandeep Grover]
by Sandeep Grover
<sandeep<at>Magma-DA.com>

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷:

Sandeep Grover 为印锟节帮拷锟斤拷锟捷碉拷 Magma Design Automation 锟斤拷锟斤拷, -- 锟斤拷锟斤拷 一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫成筹拷锟斤拷 EDA (锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷远锟斤拷锟�) 锟斤拷司锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷业锟斤拷时锟戒，锟斤拷探锟斤拷 Linux 锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟杰癸拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟侥癸拷锟阶★拷


目录:

 

锟斤拷锟斤拷 Proc 锟侥硷拷系统

[the proc filesystem]

摘要:

Linux 锟节猴拷锟结供锟斤拷一锟斤拷通锟斤拷 /proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟捷结构锟斤拷 锟侥憋拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷锟矫的伙拷锟狡★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟斤拷硬锟斤拷平台锟较碉拷 Linux 系统锟斤拷 /proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋都锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟桔伙拷锟斤拷 intel x86 锟杰癸拷锟斤拷 Linux /proc 锟侥硷拷系 统锟斤拷


_________________ _________________ _________________

 

/proc --- 一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷系统

/proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟节核猴拷锟节猴拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� (process) 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟侥伙拷锟斤拷 (锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟斤拷 /proc)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿憋拷募锟较低筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟节猴拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟捷结构锟斤拷锟叫斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取 锟叫关斤拷锟教碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 (on the fly) 锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 (通锟斤拷锟侥憋拷锟节核诧拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷同锟斤拷/proc 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷之锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷硬锟斤拷锟较★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟届看锟侥硷拷 /proc/mounts (锟斤拷 mount 锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖撅拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟侥硷拷系统)锟斤拷锟斤拷峥达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� 一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥ｏ拷 


grep proc /proc/mounts
/proc /proc proc rw 0 0

/proc 锟斤拷锟节核匡拷锟狡ｏ拷没锟叫筹拷锟斤拷 /proc 锟斤拷锟借备锟斤拷锟斤拷为 /proc 锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诤丝锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷状态锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆大部凤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟竭硷拷位锟斤拷位锟斤拷锟节核匡拷锟狡碉拷锟节存。锟斤拷 /proc 锟斤拷锟斤拷 一锟斤拷 'ls -l' 锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟斤拷锟襟部凤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 0 锟街节达拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷炜达拷锟叫╋拷募锟斤拷锟绞憋拷锟饺� 实锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟斤拷锟杰ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷为 /proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟较� 统一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷注锟结到锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷 (VFS) 锟剿★拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷 VFS 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟侥硷拷锟斤拷目录锟斤拷 i-node 锟斤拷时锟斤拷/proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟脚革拷锟斤拷锟节猴拷锟叫碉拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷锟侥硷拷 锟斤拷目录锟斤拷

 

锟斤拷锟斤拷 proc 锟侥硷拷系统

锟斤拷锟较低筹拷谢锟矫伙拷屑锟斤拷锟� proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷

mount -t proc proc /proc

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋将锟缴癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷细锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷 mount 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� man page锟斤拷

 

锟届看 /proc 锟斤拷锟侥硷拷

/proc 锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节凤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟节核碉拷状态锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷械慕锟斤拷痰锟� 状态锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟襟部凤拷 /proc 锟叫碉拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷目录锟结供系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰碉拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 /proc 锟叫碉拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷钥锟斤拷锟绞癸拷锟斤拷魏锟斤拷募锟斤拷嗉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�'more', 'less'锟斤拷 'cat'锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟介看锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁辑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷图锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷时锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷诤锟� 锟叫碉拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷凭锟秸碉拷 (on the fly) 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟揭达拷锟揭碉拷系统锟叫得碉拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷趣 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� 

$ ls -l /proc/cpuinfo
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 25 11:01 /proc/cpuinfo

$ file /proc/cpuinfo
/proc/cpuinfo: empty

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 8
model name      : Pentium III (Coppermine)
stepping        : 6
cpu MHz         : 1000.119
cache size      : 256 KB
fdiv_bug        : no
hlt_bug         : no
sep_bug         : no
f00f_bug        : no
coma_bug        : no
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 2
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca
cmov pat pse36 mmx fxsr xmm
bogomips        : 1998.85

processor       : 3
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 8
model name      : Pentium III (Coppermine)
stepping        : 6
cpu MHz         : 1000.119
cache size      : 256 KB
fdiv_bug        : no
hlt_bug         : no
sep_bug         : no
f00f_bug        : no
coma_bug        : no
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 2
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca
cmov pat pse36 mmx fxsr xmm
bogomips        : 1992.29

锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷双 CPU 锟斤拷系统锟叫得碉拷锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷蟛糠值锟斤拷锟较⑹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较� 统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷硬锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷些 /proc 锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟角撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟酵拷墓锟斤拷呖锟斤拷员锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴可讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟竭帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷'top', 'ps', 'apm' 锟饺★拷

 

锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷系统/锟节猴拷锟斤拷息


proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸硷拷锟斤拷锟矫的癸拷锟斤拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟节核碉拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷要 锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷

proc 锟叫碉拷锟侥硷拷远锟斤拷止锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷么锟洁。锟斤拷要锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟剿斤拷亩锟斤拷呖锟斤拷远锟� /proc 锟斤拷每一锟斤拷 锟侥硷拷锟斤拷'more'一锟铰伙拷锟斤拷慰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絒1]锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷泄锟� /proc 目录锟叫碉拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟揭斤拷锟斤拷 使锟斤拷'more'锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷'cat'锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷知锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟叫★拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟叫╋拷募锟� (锟斤拷锟斤拷 kcore) 锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷浅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�

 

锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的斤拷锟教碉拷锟斤拷息

/proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的斤拷锟教碉拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷 /proc 锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟斤拷诺锟斤拷锟侥柯硷拷锟矫匡拷锟斤拷锟脚碉拷目录锟斤拷应一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 id (PID)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的斤拷锟斤拷 /proc 锟叫讹拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 PID 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷目录锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷目录锟叫帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟结供锟叫关斤拷锟教碉拷状态锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要细锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚诧拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的斤拷锟教★拷 

$ ps -aef | grep mozilla
root 32558 32425 8  22:53 pts/1  00:01:23  /usr/bin/mozilla
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫碉拷 mozilla 锟斤拷锟教碉拷 PID 锟斤拷 32558锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接︼拷模锟�/proc 锟斤拷应锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 32558 锟斤拷目录

$ ls -l /proc/32558
total 0
-r--r--r--    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 cmdline
-r--r--r--    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 cpu
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 cwd -> /proc/
-r--------    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 environ
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 exe -> /usr/bin/mozilla*
dr-x------    2 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 fd/
-r--r--r--    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 maps
-rw-------    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 mem
-r--r--r--    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 mounts
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 root -> //
-r--r--r--    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 stat
-r--r--r--    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 statm
-r--r--r--    1 root  root            0 Dec 25 22:59 status
锟侥硷拷 "cmdline" 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷时锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫★拷"envir" 锟斤拷锟教的伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 "status" 锟角斤拷锟教碉拷状态锟斤拷息锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教碉拷锟矫伙拷锟斤拷锟矫伙拷ID (UID) 锟斤拷锟斤拷ID(GID) 锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ID (PPID)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫斤拷锟教碉拷前锟斤拷状态锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷"Sleelping"锟斤拷"Running"锟斤拷 每锟斤拷锟斤拷锟教碉拷目录锟斤拷锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷"cwd"锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷痰锟角帮拷锟斤拷锟侥柯硷拷姆锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷"exe"指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的斤拷锟教的匡拷执锟叫筹拷锟斤拷"root"指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷炭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷目录锟斤拷目录 (通锟斤拷锟斤拷"/")锟斤拷目录"fd"锟斤拷锟斤拷指锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷玫锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷印锟� "cpu"锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 SMP 锟节猴拷时锟斤拷锟街ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角帮拷 CPU 锟斤拷锟街的斤拷锟斤拷时锟戒。

/proc/self 锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷趣锟斤拷锟斤拷目录锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷苑锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷 /proc 锟斤拷锟揭憋拷锟斤拷锟教碉拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷/proc/self 锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接碉拷 /proc 锟叫凤拷锟斤拷 /proc 锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷 PID 锟斤拷目录锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接★拷

 

通锟斤拷 /proc 锟斤拷锟节核斤拷锟斤拷


锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔的大部凤拷 /proc 锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷实锟斤拷锟斤拷 /proc 锟侥硷拷系统通锟斤拷 /proc 锟叫可讹拷写锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟结供锟剿讹拷锟节核的斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡★拷写锟斤拷些锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟皆改憋拷锟节猴拷 锟斤拷状态锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷馗亩锟斤拷锟叫╋拷募锟斤拷锟�/proc/sys 目录锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锌啥锟叫达拷锟斤拷募锟� 锟斤拷目录锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟斤拷锟节改憋拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷为锟斤拷

/proc/sys/kernel - 锟斤拷锟侥柯硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷诤锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟较拷锟� /proc/sys/kernel/{domainname, hostname} 锟斤拷锟斤拷呕锟斤拷锟�/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷些锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫革拷锟斤拷些锟斤拷锟街★拷

$ hostname
machinename.domainname.com

$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/domainname
domainname.com

$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
machinename

$ echo "new-machinename"  > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname

$ hostname
new-machinename.domainname.com
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟睫革拷 /proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟叫碉拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角匡拷锟斤拷锟睫革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰讹拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 /proc/sys/kernel/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟侥硷拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷去锟斤拷锟侥柯硷拷榭达拷缘玫锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较革拷锟斤拷锟较拷锟�
锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷目录锟斤拷 /proc/sys/net锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥柯硷拷械锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫改伙拷锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷浴锟斤拷锟斤拷纾拷锟斤拷薷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷募锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
锟解将锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接� icmp_echo锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 ping 锟斤拷询锟斤拷

$ ping machinename.domainname.com
no answer from machinename.domainname.com
要锟侥伙拷缺省锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷只要
$ echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
/proc/sys 锟铰伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节改憋拷锟节猴拷锟斤拷锟皆★拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟轿匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 [1], [2] 锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷

 

锟斤拷锟斤拷

/proc 锟侥硷拷系统锟结供锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥硷拷锟斤拷 Linux 锟节诧拷锟接口★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷确锟斤拷系统 锟侥革拷锟街诧拷同锟借备锟酵斤拷锟教碉拷状态锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷应锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟� 锟侥硷拷系统锟斤拷知识锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟� Linux 系统锟侥关硷拷锟斤拷

 

锟轿匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷


 

锟斤拷锟斤拷篇锟斤拷锟铰凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

每篇锟斤拷锟铰讹拷锟叫革拷锟皆的凤拷锟斤拷页锟芥。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭筹拷锟斤拷铮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷峤伙拷锟斤拷郏锟揭诧拷锟斤拷圆榭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叩锟斤拷锟斤拷郏锟�
 锟斤拷锟斤拷页锟斤拷 
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