lf181, Software Development: �� make!

�� : English Castellano Deutsch Francais Nederlands Portugues Russian Turkce

�� Wilbert Berendsen

�� :

Wilbert Berendsen - �� Linux. ��-�� Z80. �� Linux �� . �� http://www.xs4all.nl/~wbsoft/. Viva open source!

��:

��
��: ��
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�� Makefile
Makefile ��
�� Makefile ��
��
Pattern Rules
��
� ��
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�� make!

��:

� �� make � �� , �� .

��

�� Linux ��-�� make : �� , �� .�. 'Make' - �� , �� .

� �� , �� make - �� - �� , ��, �� .�. �� , �� unix. � �� make. �� - �� Linux, �� make �� .

��: ��

�� - �� , �� : Jan �� , � Piet � ��.

�� . �� - �� , �� PHP �� Microsoft Active Server Pages. �� .

�� - �� .

��
Jan �� - offer.html � index.html � �� : /home/jan/Docs/website/.
index.html - �� . offer.html - what-do-I-know �� . Piet �� . � �� /home/piet/public_html.
��
Piet �� Jan �� HTML, � � �� .

�� header.html, � footer � footer.html. header.html �� :

<html><!-- the header -->
<head>
<title>Piet and Jan productions</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<table border="0" width="100%"><tr>
<td bgcolor="#c040ff" valign="top">
This is our website<br>
Some rubbish is written down here.<br>
We are very interactive<br>
so this is our telephone number:<br>
<b>0123-456789</b>
</td><td valign="top">
<!-- Put the contents here -->

� footer.html :

<!-- the footer -->
</td></tr></table>
</body></html>

�� unix �� , �� index.html, �� Jan :

cat header.html  /home/jan/Docs/website/index.html
echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '
date '+%A %e %B'
cat footer.html

� �� . �� , �� :

{
  cat header.html  /home/jan/Docs/website/index.html
  echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '
  date '+%A %e %B'
  cat footer.html
} > /home/piet/public_html/index.html

�� offer.html. � �� .

�� shell-��, �� index �� header �� footer! �� Linux - �� !

� � �� make.

��

�� GNU make - �� . �� . �� :

    make determines whether a set of commands should be executed, based on the 

    time-stamp of the target-file and the time-stamps of the source files.

�� : �� target - �� . �� - �� .

�� - �� 'target', � �� - `prerequisites'. �� , �� `prerequisites' �� target ( �� target �� ). �� prerequisites �� target - �� .

� �� Makefile, �� make. �� - �� 'make' � �� .

Make ��

make target1 target2 ....

target �� (�� - �� Makefile). Make �� Makefile � �� .

�� Makefile

Makefile �� :

# This is an example of a Makefile.
# Comments can be put after a hash (#).

target: prerequisites
        command

target: prerequisites
        commando

# and so on and so on.

�� target, �� (:) � �� prerequisites. �� prerequisites �� - �� (\\) � �� .

�� . �� . �� - �� (\\) � �� . Make �� , ��-�� . � �� (;) �� .

�� : �� TAB, �� 8-�� !

Make �� Makefile � �� , �� .

�� make �� - �� target.

Makefile ��

�� Makefile �� :

# This Makefile builds Piets' and Jans' website, the potato-eaters.

all: /home/piet/public_html/index.html /home/piet/public_html/offer.html

/home/piet/public_html/index.html:  header.html footer.html \
                                    /home/jan/Docs/website/index.html
        { \
          cat header.html  /home/jan/Docs/website/index.html ;\
          echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '               ;\
          date '+%A %e %B'                                   ;\
          cat footer.html                                    ;\
        } > /home/piet/public_html/index.html

/home/piet/public_html/offer.html:  header.html footer.html \
                                    /home/jan/Docs/website/offer.html
        { \
          cat header.html  /home/jan/Docs/website/index.html ;\
          echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '               ;\
          date '+%A %e %B'                                   ;\
          cat footer.html                                    ;\
        } > /home/piet/public_html/offer.html

# the end

�� targets - 'all' � �� index.html � offer.html. �� 'all' - �� index.html � offer.html 'all' �� , �� target �� . (�� targets, �� ).

�� header � footer �� - �� . �� Jan �� - �� . �� 'make' �� !

�� Makefile ��

��

�� Makefile �� . �� :

variable = value

# This Makefile builds Piets' and Jans' website, the potato-eaters.

# Directory where the website is stored:
TARGETDIR = /home/piet/public_html

# Jans' directory:
JANSDIR = /home/jan/Docs/website

# Files needed for the layout:
LAYOUT = header.html footer.html

all: $(TARGETDIR)/index.html $(TARGETDIR)/offer.html

$(TARGETDIR)/index.html:  $(LAYOUT) $(JANSDIR)/index.html
        { \
          cat header.html $(JANSDIR)/index.html     ;\
          echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '      ;\
          date '+%A %e %B'                          ;\
          cat footer.html                           ;\
        } > $(TARGETDIR)/index.html

$(TARGETDIR)/offer.html:  $(LAYOUT) $(JANSDIR)/offer.html
        { \
          cat header.html  $(JANSDIR)/index.html    ;\
          echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '      ;\
          date '+%A %e %B'                          ;\
          cat footer.html                           ;\
        } > $(TARGETDIR)/offer.html

# the end

�� . �� .

�� . �� , �� Makefile - ��, �� , �� , ��-�� . �� !

Pattern Rules

�� `Pattern Rules' �� targets.

�� rules �� : �� pattern :

Multiple targets: pattern : prerequisite prerequisite ...
        command

�� - ��, �� targets. �� % �� target-name.

�� :

/home/bla/target1.html /home/bla/target2.html: /home/bla/% : %
        commands

�� make �� - �� target-name �� %.

�� % � �� prerequisites �� , �� .

Make �� :

/home/bla/target1.html: target1.html
        commands

/home/bla/target2.html: target2.html
        commands

�� % � ��`/home/bla/%' �� `target1.html' �� `/home/bla/target1.html' - �� `%' �� `target1.html'.

�� :

$(TARGETDIR)/index.html $(TARGETDIR)/offer.html: $(TARGETDIR)/% : $(JANSDIR)/% \
                                                  $(LAYOUT)

�� : �� ? �� targets.

��

make �� . �� . � �� , �� , �� target �/�� prerequisite.

�� $\ �� prerequisite, � $@ - �� target.

�� :

$(TARGETDIR)/index.html $(TARGETDIR)/offer.html: $(TARGETDIR)/% : $(JANSDIR)/% \
                                                  $(LAYOUT)
        { \
          cat header.html  $<                       ;\
          echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '      ;\
          date '+%A %e %B'                          ;\
          cat footer.html                           ;\
        } > $@

Voil�! �� !

�� Makefile :

# This Makefile builds Piets' and Jans' website, the potato-eaters.

# Directory where the website is published:
TARGETDIR = /home/piet/public_html

# Jans' directory:
JANSDIR = /home/jan/Docs/website

# Files needed for the layout:
LAYOUT = header.html footer.html

# These are the webpages:
DOCS = $(TARGETDIR)/index.html $(TARGETDIR)/offer.html


# Please change nothing below this line;-)
# -------------------------------------------------------------

all: $(DOCS)

$(DOCS): $(TARGETDIR)/% : $(JANSDIR)/% $(LAYOUT)
        { \
          cat header.html  $<                       ;\
          echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '         ;\
          date '+%A %e %B'                          ;\
          cat footer.html                           ;\
        } > $@

# the end

�� . �� - �� Makefile, �� DOCS.

�� , �� Makefile - �� .

� ��

�� , �� . �� :

TEXTS = index.html  offer.html  yetanotherfile.html

# Please change nothing below this line;-)
# -------------------------------------------------------------
DOCS =  $(addprefix $(TARGETDIR)/,$(TEXTS))

all: $(DOCS)

# and so on

�� make : �� .

�� $(addprefix prefix,list) �� . � �� TARGETDIR � (/).

�� , �� , �� , � make �� .

� �� , ��, �� , �� target 'all' �� 'all'(� �� ) - �� target �� . �� , �� ...?

�� - �� make �� target �� . �� :

.PHONY: all

�� Makefile �� :

# This Makefile builds Piets' and Jans' website, the potato-eaters.

# Directory where the website is published:
TARGETDIR = /home/piet/public_html

# Jans' directory:
JANSDIR = /home/jan/Docs/website

# Files needed for the layout:
LAYOUT = header.html footer.html

# These are the names of the webpages:
TEXTS = index.html  offer.html  yetanotherfile.html

# Please change nothing below this line;-)
# ------------------------------------------------------
DOCS =  $(addprefix $(TARGETDIR)/,$(TEXTS))
.PHONY: all

all: $(DOCS)

$(DOCS): $(TARGETDIR)/% : $(JANSDIR)/% $(LAYOUT)
        { \
          cat header.html  $<                       ;\
          echo -n '<hr>Last modification: '         ;\
          date '+%A %e %B'                          ;\
          cat footer.html                           ;\
        } > $@

# the end

�� ! �� , �� crontab, �, �� , � �� .

��

�� - �� .

�� - �� Jan � �� </body></html> � �� footer, �� Piet, �� . �� grep, perl �� tcl �� - �� .

�� Jan �� sed �� <P>:

sed -e 's/^\s*$/<p>/g'

�� - �� LyX � �� lyx2html �� HTML. �� !

�� - �� !

� �� Jan �� Piet �� . �� , �� . �� NFS.

�� , �� Makefile!

��

Make � ��
�� -�� .
�� 'phony' targets (.PHONY: target), �� . �� Linux.
make menuconfig �� . make xconfig �� Tcl/Tk �� X.
�� targets �� . �� (� �� ).
��
�� - � �� , �� , ��, �� .�. �� , ��, �� - �� : �� (�� LaTeX!).
�� Makefile �� PHONY targets:

[help:] �� targets � �� Makefile.
[print-draft:] ��, �� (�� ps-utils).
[print-full:] �� .
[ps:] Export �� PostScript ��.
[report:] ��, �� .
[html:] Update html-��.
� �.�. � �.�.. �� Makefile.
Prerequisites �� targets �� prerequisites �� -��, �� target.
�� HTML �� , �� :
```
TEMPLATE = layout1/Template1.txt

/home/httpd/sales/sales.html: sales.html $(TEMPLATE)
        perl Scripts/BuildPage.pl -template $(TEMPLATE) $< > $@-new
        mv -f $@-new $@

sales.html:     sales.txt
        aptconvert -toc $@ $<
```
�� Template1.txt �� .
Echo ��, �� .
�� '@' - �� make:
```
target: prerequisite
        @cc -o target prerequisite
```
�� '-', �� make �� (�� ):
```
.PHONY: clean

clean:
        -rm -r $(tempdir)
```
�� , �� make install, �� - �� -n � �� :
```
wilbert@nutnix:~ > make -n install
install -m 755 program /usr/local/bin
install -m 644 program.1 /usr/local/man/man1
wilbert@nutnix:~ >
```

�� make.

�� - $ � �� - �� ($$):

# A Makefile
# Don't try this at home! :-)
source = menu.txt help.txt

target: $(source)
        for i in $(source)             ;\
        do                              \
          if [ "$$i" = "menu.txt" ]    ;\
          then                          \
            doThis $$i                 ;\
          else                          \
            doThat $$i                 ;\
          fi                           ;\
        done > target

��

�� make �� `GNU Make Manual'. �� Linux �� :

info make

�� GNU Make Manual � � GNOME, � � KDE - help browsers �� handy tkinfo �� .

�� make:

(Dutch!) �� Armijn Hemel �� `Managing your projects with make'.
Google search

Have Fun!

��

� �� . �� .

talkback page

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Translation information:

nl	->	--	Wilbert Berendsen
nl	->	en	Philip de Groot
en	->	ru	Kirill Poukhliakov

2001-05-04, generated by lfparser version 2.8

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Pattern Rules

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